Compressor for refrigerants



Aug. 4, 1925. 1,548,517

J. DUBROVIN COMPRESS OR FOR REFRIGERANTS Filed Jan. 12, 1925 f/ GZ A W Patented'iiug. 4,v 1925.

UNITED ASTM-.es

PATENT OFFICE.

JOHN DURROVIN, or CHICAGO, ILLINOIS, AssIGNoR, BY MEsNE AssIGNrInN'rs, To UNIVERSE CORPORATION, OF CHICAGO, ILLINOIS, A CORPORATION or ILLINOIS.

COMPRESSOR FOR REFRIGERANTS.

Application led January 12, 1925. Serial No. 1,765.

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, JOHN DUBROVIN, citizen of. Russia, resident at- Chicago, in the county of Cookand State of Illinois, have 5 invented certain new and useful Improvements in a Compressor for Refrigerants; and 'I l.do herebydeclare the following to be a full, `clear, and exact description of the invention, such as will enable others skilled in the art to which it appertains to make and use the same. t

My invention relates to a compressor for a normally gaseous refrigerant, and in general to the providing of a unitary appliance or .appliance4` portion free' of moving parts and advantageously employed as the head 'portion of the compressor, which appliance or appliancel portion will function simultaneouslyffor accomplishing a number of highly important purposes. One of these purposes `is that of providing a storage chamber for the expanded refrigerant` and a connection from this chamber for securing an unusually speed filling of the compres- 25` sor cylinder, toget er with a constructionv whereby sediment is entrapped in this Stor- Iage chamber and whereby any liquid passing into. this chamber will readily be evaporated.

viding an oil separator in the form of al simple chamber` adapted to entrap oil from the i freshly' compressed refrigerant. and con'-` structed so as to provide a tortuous path for the compressed refrigerant to facilitate the separation of the oil from the same.

Still another purpose is that of affording an'ef'fective interchange of heat between cer-v tain cold andliot elements; the cold vele-l ments being the expanded refrigerant and the storage chamber vcooled by the latter;

the hot elements being the compressor cylinder, the freshly compressed refrigerant, the compressing chamber into which the freshly compressed refrigerant is rapidly discharged ,fromv the compressor cylinder and -from 'which it gradually issues, and the oil separator chamber. For this latter purpose, my invention provides an arrangementof parts in which certain of these chambers have heat-conducting Walls 1n common With each other, and have wall portions formed Another important purpose is that of pro-A so as to expose surfaces of considerable area to both the hot and the cold refrigerant on opposite ,sides of these wall portions. It also provides an arrangement of parts in which the same formations which provide a tortuous path for the compressed refrigerant alsoaford surfaces of relatively large area for facilitating the interchange of heat.

Moreover,` my invention provides a construction for the above named purposes comprising simple and Ieasily manufactured parts adapted for an easy assembly of the same and designed to permit the separate testin of each part as to its freedom from blowoles or cracks, before thepaIjts are so i assembled. Still further and'also-m'ore def tailed objects of my inventionwllappear from the following specicationand from the accompanyingldrawings, in which- Fig. 1 is a diagrammatic viewof a"refrig erating system of a type suitable for employing sulphur dioxide as the refrigerant,

in which the compressor is equipped with a head construction embodying my invention.

Fig. 2 is an enlarged central and vertical section through the same head construction and the upper portion of the compressor.

Referring to Fig. 1, this. shows a com frigerating `coil 7 and then, from the latter through'the upper portion of the head asj sembly `to the intake pipe 8 whichleads to the cylinder of the compressor.

In Fig. '2, I am showing the cylinder 2 as having at its upper `end an annular seat for a movable disk 9, this disk being normally held' down lagainst the seat both by pressure of compressed gas above `it and by a spring `10. Iam also showing the. annular bottom portion of the hereafter described oil separator chamber 35 as connected the crank case of the compressor through plpes 13 'and` 1 14 between which a' pressure-responsive valve 36 is interposed (after the manner more fully described in 'the Twardowsky Patent #1,450,122 of March 27, 1923)., so

that some of the collected'oil 25 will be returned through these pipes into thecrank casing whenever the pressure in the latterfalls to that for which the valve is adjusted.

terior of the cup-shaped formation affords;

a compression chamber 17 which is normally closed at its bottom'by the Avalve member (or movable cylinder head)v 9 and from which chamber the compressed refrigerant sisting a lifting of the valve member 9 til the pressure in the cylinder becomes ficiently great, after the manner disclosed issues through a vertical pipe 18 extendlng downward close to the valve member 9 and opening throughthe top 19 of the said.

cup-shaped casting portion. When the com'- press'or is in operation, the spring 10 and the pressure ofthe compressed 'gas within J the compressor chamber 17 cooperate in reum suf in the .Twardowsky Patent #1,450,122 of March 27 1923. With a proper adjustment and-proportioning of the parts, this occurs when the piston is rather Vclose to the valve member 9, and the rapid forcing of the compressed gas from the cylinder into the com-- pression eliamber quickly reduces the compression 1n the cylinder, vso that the connection between the' c linder and the compres# sion chamber,is o yopen for a small fraction of each rec1procat1ngvmovement of the piston. Then the compressed gas issues gradually from the compression chamber.

during the next suceeedingreciprocation of the piston. Y A

Instead of discharging 'the issuing compressed gas direct from the pipe 18 into a pipe leading to thensual refrigerant-cooling condenser, I cause the compressed refrigerant first to pass through a chamber in whichthis compressed refrigerant is somewhat warmed and is separated frpm lsuch lubricating -oil as may have been carried past the piston into the compression chamber and carried out of the latter with the compressed refrigerant through the pipe 18. For this purpose, I provide an' outer wall surrounding andhspaced from at least a portion of the side wall of the-cup-shaped casting 15, this being` here shown as comprising a substantially cylindrical wall 20 extending both above and below the top 19 of the said inverted cup-shaped casting and as connected to the side wall of the latter by an annular Aand substantiallyV horizontal iian e 21, so as to lform an annular oitc g pocket surrounding a part of the compression chamber. I

To facilitate the extracting of the oil, I

. also rovide a horizontal partition 21 dispose somewhat above the top 19 of the with a port com ression chamber, which partition forms the lbottom of another substantially cupshaped 'member having a cylindrical wall 22 provided at its upper end with an loutwardly directed annular 4flange 23 which rests upon acorresponding fiange 24 at the upper end of the lateral wall 20.- This 'wall 20 is providedin an upper portion thereof leading'to a discharge pipe 4 throughwhiclr the refrigerant passes to the condenser. y

With the plarts'thus arran'ed, it will be noted'from t e arrows 34 in ig, 2 that the compressed. refrigerant discharged through the outlet pipe 18 from the compression chamber is obliged to traverse rather narrow passages formed partly between the horivzontal wall portions 19 and 2 1 andpartly between the vertical wall portions 20 and 22, thereby providing a tortuous path adapted to cooperate with the projecting vof the issuing gas against the lbottom of the partition 21 .in causing particles 4of oil to adhere to the wall portions of this oil separator chamber and to drip into the bottom of the said annular 'portion of this oil separatorchamber.

The oil25 as accumulated there will then be -drawn through the oil return pipe 14 into the lower. portionof the cylinder whenever the piston is at the top of its travel and in the crank-case is sufiiciently the pressure low, as more fully described .in the Hanson & Twardowsky Patent No. 1,458,702 'of J une 12, 1923, on,a compressor.

In addition to using the oil separator chamber as means for extracting such particles' of oil las `'adually enterV the compression chamber,- 'also employ wallportions of this chamber, as means for-transferring heat from the compressor proper, and from the freshly compressedrefrigerant, so as to cool both ofthe latter and so as to `warm the l.expanded refrigerant before the latter reaches the intake -pip 1 23 and 24. Then I provide this dome-shaped cover near its'top with means for attaching theJv outlet end Tof the' refrigerating pipe 7 to it and likewise with means for attach to it the upper end ofthe intake pille 12 o the compressor. V Tinus-"arranged, t e storage e 12 of the compres-- lsor.- Vith this in' mind, I employ the secber and t-he downwardly' leading inlet pipe:

chamber 26 affords a receptacle in which the expanded refrigerant accumulates during the relatively large part of the piston reciprocation in which the connection between the cylinder of the compressor and the intake pipe 12 is closed. By making this chamber of a much greater capacity than the operating portion of the cylinder, and `by employing an intake pipe 12 of fairly large bore, I enable the cylinder tobe filled quite rapidly with a relatively small reduction in the pressure of the refrigerant within the storage chamber, thereby considerably increasing the eiiiciency of my compressor over what it would be if the outlet of the refrigerating pipe 7 were connected directly to the intake port 30 of the cylinder. y

To further increase the utility of the storn age chamber 26, I provide within this a pipe 31 leading from the inlet of this chamber (or operatively from tlre outlet end of the refrigerating pipe 7 to a oint near the horizontalpartition 21 whic forms the bottom of the storage chamber. By so doing, I cause the entering refrigerant to be discharged against this bottom 21 of the chamber, so that any particles of sediment o-r li uid whichV have been carried through the re rigerating pipe will be deposited in the bottom of this chamber, -thereby securing a clean refrigerating gas for the fresh, charge of the compressor.

In addition to serving the above mentioned purposes, the upwardly leading discharge pipe 18 from the compressionv cham- 31 of the storage chamber serve the important purpose of respectively directing the vhot freshly compressed refrigerant4 and the cold expanded refrigerant against opposite faces of the partition 21. Since these parts, and indeed all of the parts illustrated in Fig. 2 of the drawings, are preferably made of metal, they are all of good heat conductivity. Consequently, the partition 21 andmthe lateral wall 22 of the storage chamber serve as effective means for an interchange of heat between the refrigerant in the storage chamber and that in the oil separator chamber. This interchange of heat-is further increased through the heat conduction through the joined flanges which .are secured to each other by the bolts 29 and through the outer lateral wall 20 of the oil separator chan1- ber, 'so that the coldness of the expanded refrigerant in the storage chamber 26 serves to cool both the freshly compressed refrigerant, the compression chamber and the cylinder of the compressor. At theV same time, the4 heat produced in the refrigerant by its compression acts in like manner for warming the expanded refrigerant in the storage chamber 26,. the` heat transfer being particularly effective through thel partition 21 since the hot and cold refrigerant are respectively pro-V jected against the lower and upper faces of this partition and are obliged to travel. these faces radially outward of the pipes .from which they issue.

In addition to catching and retaining particles of sediment such as occasionally are emitted through the refrigerating pipe 7,

the bottom 21 of the storage chamber also. catches any particles of liquid carried' thro-ugh the same coil. This liquid is evapm rated by the warmth due to the heating of the bottom or partition 21 by the# hot (ompressed refrigerant` below the same, and if any considerable -quantity of liquid is pres# ent, the gaseous refrigerant emitted from the lower .end of the pipe 31 will bubble throughv this llquid and expedite this evaporation.

Hence my construction also insures the feeding of the refrigerant to the compressor cylinder in a completely gaseous state.

To increase the effectiveness of the oil separation, Iv desirably provide a bafe within the oil separator chamber sor disposed as to increase the tortuousness of the path which the refrigerant follows in traversing this chamber and also to increase the extent of surface against which particles of oil may be projected. As a simple and effective coni struction for this purpose, I desirably make the cup-shaped-lower portion of the storage chamber somewhat larger in diameter than the top of the compression chamber and provide the bottom of the storage chamber with an annular'web 32 extending downwardly below the upper face of the top 19 of the compression chamber and 'laterally spaced from the `outer wall of this chamber. By so doing, I compel the refrigerant after enf tering the' oil separator chamber from the -105 dischar e pipe 18 of the compression chamber to ow radially outward from this pipe through a' passage of relatively small height and thereafter to be deflected' downwardly towards the annular oil-catching channel.

In doing so, and in thereafter moving upward between the vertical walls 20 and 22, which walls desirably are separated also by a relatively narrow space, thecompressed and hot refrigerant is `4obliged to pass along construction of my 4compressor can first be tested separately as to its soundness and leak-proof condition. However, while I have illustrated and described my invention as-used in connection with a compressor emboth faces of the depending annular vweb 32. 115

shape, construction or arrangement of the various parts as above -described, itbeing obvious that many changes might be made without departing either from the spirit of i v 'frigerant, the said chambers being spaced Y my invention or from the appended claims.

I claim as my invention l. In a compressor for a refrigerant, a chamber through which the compressed refrigerant is discharged, and a refrigerant storage chamber interposed in the intake duct of the compressor, one of the said chambers having a cup-shaped portion extending into the other chamber and affording a heatnterchanging wall between the two cham- 2. The combination with a refrigerant compressor ofthecylinder type, of a metallic casing mounted on the cylinder end of the compressor in heat conducting relation to the cylinder, a heat-conducting partition dividing the casing into two compartments, and connections for causing the compressed refrigerant and the intake fluid to pass respectively through the two compartments. y 3. In alcompressor-for a refrigerant, a compression chamber'. into which'the -compressed refrigerant is discharged by the compressor, a refrigerant storage'chamber adjacent thereto and interposed in the intake duct of the compressor, and a' third chamberLA between the aforesaid chambers and' throughwhichl the compressed refrigerant'passes from the compression chamber, the said third-chamber being spaced from the first named two chambers by walls of good heat conductivity.

4 fIn a compressor for a refrigerant, a

7 compression chamber into which the compressed. refrigerant is discharged by the compressor, ak refrigerant storage .chamber adjacent .thereto and interposed in the intake "duct vofthe compressor, and -a .third chamber between the aforesaid chambers and through which thecompressed refriger-Vj ant passes from lthe compression chamber, the said third chamber being spaced fromthe first named two chambers by' walls ofp good. heat conductivity and the said walls eing shaped to ,affordla tortuous path for the compressed refrigerant passing through frigerant is dischar d compressor, a refrigerant Stora chamber vadjacent thereto and interpose in the intake duct of thecompressor, -and a third chamber disposed,` between land in heat-.conducting relation to the aforesaid chambers thereof extendin frigerant, a'chamber forming an enlargedV portion of the intake duct of the refrigerator, a second chamber through which the compressor discharges' the compressed refrom each other by a common wall of good heat-conducting material, and connections whereby the compressed refrigerant entering the second chamber vand the expanded refrigerant entering the first named chamber are directed respectively against the opposite faces ofthe said wall.

` 7. In a compressor for an expansible refrigerant, a compression-chamber through which they compressor discharges the compressed refrigerant, a second chamberadjacent to the compression chamber and through which the compressed refrigerant passes from the compression chamber, the compression' chamber having a ortion into the second c amber and -the second 4c amber having an annular web extending into the space between the said portion of the compressionchamber and the laterally adjacent wall ofthe discharge chamber so as to cause the 'refrigerant to pursue a tortuousj path adjacent to both faces' of the said web, theisaid web being expansible refrigerant, a compressor, a cas.

ing associated therewith, a partition of gcod heat-conducting material dividing the casing e into upper and lower compartments connections whereby the compressed refrigerant is discharged by the compressor into the lower compartment and against the bottom of the partition, and whereby the expanded refrigerant is 'discharged "into the upper compartment and against the top'of t e partition, and twov ducts respectively connecting the upper compartment with the intake of the compressor and the lower compartment with -the refrigerating circuit for the refrigerant.

i 9. Ina refrigerating system, a compressor for the refrigerant, a compression chamber vin 'heat-conducting relation' to the compressor and into ywhich the compressed re4 pression chamber, and a storage chamber .for the expanded refrigerant, the oil-separatmg chamber having wall `portions in common from thexcylinder, ,anY oilfseparatmg-c vamber through which the refrigerant Vis discharged from the oomrespectively with both'of the other twoI chambers.

10. Ina system, a cylinder type compressed for the refrigerant, a compression chamber in heat-conducting relation to the cylinder of the compressor and into which the compressed refrigerant is discharged from the cylinder, an oil-separating chamber through which the refrigerant is discharged from the compression chamber, a storage chamber for the expanded refrigerant; and a baille disposed within the oilseparatingr chamber and in heat-conductine relation t0 the storage chamber for increas ing the interchange of heat between these two chambers.

11. An assemblage as per claim 10. in which the baille is disposed for compelling` the compressed refrigerant to pursue a tortuous path and to flow along both faces of the baille in passing through the oil-separatinlg` chamber.

12. In a compressor for a refrigerator, a compression chamberhavingr an opening;r in

its top. an annular member having a lateral wall of larger bore than' the outside diameter of the lateral wall of the compression chamber and an annular wall portion connecting the bottom of the said annular wall to the. compression chamber. the said annular wall extending below the top of the compression chamber so that the lateral wall of the compression chamber cooperates with the saidannular walland wall portion in alfording ananriular pocket. and a member extendingr across the top of the said annular wall and having a portion disposed above and substantially parallel to the top of the compression chambe'r the saidannular wall having a 1'e'l'ri,grerant` outlet near its top and the said pocket. having' an oil discharge. outlet at ifsbottom.

13. A compressor construction as per claim 12, in which the said member has al wardly open member, the partitioning member comprising` a cup having its bottom relatively close vto and above the said opening and harinar its lateral wall spaced inwardly from the lateral wall of the said upwardly open cup-shaped' member; there being a discharge port in the last named lateral wall below the partition and a pair of ports in `the said casing` member.

15. A compressor head construction as per claim 14. in which the said two members and the cover have flanges conjointly secured to 4each other. v Signed at Chicago, Illinois, December 22,

JOHN DUBRovIN. 

